By Dr Maryam Varij Kazemi Geopolitical Researcher International Peace Studies Centre – IPSC Following the rise of Syria’s new regime, it adopted a hardline stance toward Russia, casting doubt on the future of Russia’s presence in the country. As part of these developments, Russia significantly reduced its military footprint in Syria, relocating troops and transferring substantial weaponry, naval vessels, aircraft, and equipment to other bases across the region. Notably, Russia expanded and reinforced its military facilities in Libya, signalling a potential complete withdrawal from Syria. Amidst rekindled relations with Libya, Russia has relied on the Al-Khadim airbase near Benghazi to bolster its military presence in Africa’s Sahel region (1). However, by early 2025, signs of a shift began to emerge. Multiple reports indicated that Russia and Syria were negotiating to maintain Russia’s military presence in Syria. Yet, as of June 2025, no progress had been made, and officially, Russian forces
