{"id":17391,"date":"2026-02-07T02:39:39","date_gmt":"2026-02-07T02:39:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/peace-ipsc.org\/fa\/?p=17391"},"modified":"2026-02-18T02:47:43","modified_gmt":"2026-02-18T02:47:43","slug":"%d8%af%db%8c%d8%a7%d8%b3%d9%be%d9%88%d8%b1%d8%a7%db%8c-%d9%be%d8%a7%da%a9%d8%b3%d8%aa%d8%a7%d9%86%db%8c-%d8%af%d8%b1-%d8%ae%d9%84%db%8c%d8%ac-%d9%81%d8%a7%d8%b1%d8%b3","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/peace-ipsc.org\/fa\/%d8%af%db%8c%d8%a7%d8%b3%d9%be%d9%88%d8%b1%d8%a7%db%8c-%d9%be%d8%a7%da%a9%d8%b3%d8%aa%d8%a7%d9%86%db%8c-%d8%af%d8%b1-%d8%ae%d9%84%db%8c%d8%ac-%d9%81%d8%a7%d8%b1%d8%b3\/","title":{"rendered":"\u062f\u06cc\u0627\u0633\u067e\u0648\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u0627\u06a9\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u062e\u0644\u06cc\u062c \u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0648 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0622\u0646 \u0628\u0631 \u067e\u0627\u06a9\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646: \u062a\u062d\u0644\u06cc\u0644\u06cc 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\u0645\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631\u062a\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062b \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u067e\u06cc\u0648\u0646\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062d\u06a9\u0645\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0647 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631 \u0648 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0647 \u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u062d\u0641\u0638 \u0634\u0648\u062f \u0648 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631\u062a \u0628\u0647\u200c\u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0686\u0631\u062e\u0634\u06cc \u0648 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u06cc\u0627\u0628\u062f (Abella &amp; Ducanes, 2021).<\/p>\n<h3>\u06f1-\u06f2- \u062a\u0631\u06a9\u06cc\u0628 \u0634\u063a\u0644\u06cc \u0648 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u062a\u06cc \u0645\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0646<\/h3>\n<p>\u0627\u06af\u0631\u0686\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u062f\u0647\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0646\u062e\u0633\u062a\u060c \u0628\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u067e\u0627\u06a9\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0646\u06cc\u0631\u0648\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u0645\u200c\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u062a \u062a\u0634\u06a9\u06cc\u0644 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u062e\u06cc\u0631 \u0633\u0647\u0645 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06af\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u06cc\u0645\u0647\u200c\u0645\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0648 \u0645\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u06cc\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u06af\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0634 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u06cc\u0646\u200c\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0644\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u062e\u0634\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u067e\u0627\u06a9\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u063a\u0644 \u0641\u0646\u06cc\u060c \u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u06cc\u060c \u0628\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a \u0648 \u0641\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u062c\u0630\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u062e\u0644\u06cc\u062c \u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0634\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0627\u0646\u062f (International Labour Organization [ILO], 2021).<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062f\u0631 \u062a\u0631\u06a9\u06cc\u0628 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u062a\u06cc \u062f\u06cc\u0627\u0633\u067e\u0648\u0631\u0627\u060c \u067e\u06cc\u0627\u0645\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0647\u0645\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u067e\u0627\u06a9\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f\u061b \u0686\u0631\u0627\u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0632\u06af\u0634\u062a \u0628\u062e\u0634\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0646\u06cc\u0631\u0648\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u062f\u0627\u0646\u0634 \u0641\u0646\u06cc \u0648 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0642\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u0631\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u06a9\u0634\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u062c\u0631 \u0634\u0648\u062f (Khan, 2020).<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2>\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0645: \u062a\u0623\u062b\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u062f\u06cc\u0627\u0633\u067e\u0648\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u0627\u06a9\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0628\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u06a9\u0634\u0648\u0631<\/h2>\n<h3>\u06f2-\u06f1- \u0646\u0642\u0634 \u0627\u0631\u0632\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0644\u06cc<\/h3>\n<p>\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u200c\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u06cc\u0627\u0633\u067e\u0648\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u0627\u06a9\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u062e\u0644\u06cc\u062c \u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633\u060c \u062c\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u06af\u0633\u062a\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0631\u0632\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u06cc (Remittances) \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u06a9\u0634\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0628\u0627\u0646\u06a9 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u06af\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0634 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u067e\u0627\u06a9\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0634\u0648\u0631 \u0646\u062e\u0633\u062a \u062f\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0641\u062a\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0631\u0632\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0646 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0648 \u0628\u062e\u0634 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u200c\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0632 \u06a9\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0647\u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u062e\u0644\u06cc\u062c \u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u062a\u0623\u0645\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f (World Bank, 2021).<\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0646\u06a9 \u0645\u0631\u06a9\u0632\u06cc \u067e\u0627\u06a9\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u060c \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0631\u0632\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u062e\u06cc \u0633\u0627\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u06cc\u0634 \u0627\u0632 \u06f8 \u062f\u0631\u0635\u062f \u062a\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062f \u0646\u0627\u062e\u0627\u0644\u0635 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u06cc \u06a9\u0634\u0648\u0631 \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u0634\u06a9\u06cc\u0644 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u0646\u0642\u0634 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u06a9\u0627\u0647\u0634 \u06a9\u0633\u0631\u06cc \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u062c\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0648 \u062a\u062b\u0628\u06cc\u062a \u0630\u062e\u0627\u06cc\u0631 \u0627\u0631\u0632\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0641\u0627 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0627\u0646\u062f (State Bank of Pakistan [SBP], 2022). \u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u0628\u06cc\u0646\u200c\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0644\u06cc \u067e\u0648\u0644 \u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u062a\u0623\u06a9\u06cc\u062f \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u062f\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u06cc\u060c \u0628\u0647\u200c\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0636\u0631\u0628\u0647\u200c\u06af\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u067e\u0627\u06a9\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0627\u0646\u062f (IMF, 2024).<\/p>\n<h3>\u06f2-\u06f2- \u067e\u06cc\u0627\u0645\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0639\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u06cc \u0648 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u062e\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0631<\/h3>\n<p>\u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u062e\u0631\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0631\u0632\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628 \u0628\u0647\u0628\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0639\u06cc\u0634\u062a \u062e\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0641\u062a\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u067e\u0698\u0648\u0647\u0634\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u0622\u0645\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u063a\u0644\u0628 \u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0622\u0645\u0648\u0632\u0634\u060c \u0628\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u060c \u062a\u063a\u0630\u06cc\u0647 \u0648 \u0645\u0633\u06a9\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f \u0648 \u0646\u0642\u0634 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u06a9\u0627\u0647\u0634 \u0641\u0642\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0641\u0627 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f (UNDP, 2020). \u0628\u0627\u0646\u06a9 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639\u0647 \u0622\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u06af\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0634 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u062e\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0641\u062a\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u060c \u0627\u0632 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u062a\u0627\u0628\u200c\u0622\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0631\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0631 \u0634\u0648\u06a9\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u062e\u0648\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0646\u062f (ADB, 2022)<span id=\"_GoBack\"><\/span>.<\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0628\u0631\u062e\u06cc \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0634\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0628\u0633\u062a\u06af\u06cc \u0628\u06cc\u0634\u200c\u0627\u0632\u062d\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0631\u0632\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0646\u06af\u06cc\u0632\u0647 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u06a9\u062a \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u06a9\u0634\u0648\u0631 \u0631\u0627 \u06a9\u0627\u0647\u0634 \u062f\u0647\u062f \u0648 \u0628\u0647 \u0646\u0648\u0639\u06cc \u0648\u0627\u0628\u0633\u062a\u06af\u06cc \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0645\u0646\u062c\u0631 \u0634\u0648\u062f (Amjad &amp; Arif, 2021).<\/p>\n<h3>\u06f2-\u06f3- \u0633\u0631\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0647\u200c\u06af\u0630\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0648 \u0628\u0627\u0632\u06af\u0634\u062a \u0645\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0646<\/h3>\n<p>\u0628\u062e\u0634\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u067e\u0627\u06a9\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u067e\u0633 \u0627\u0632 \u0628\u0627\u0632\u06af\u0634\u062a \u0628\u0647 \u06a9\u0634\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0633\u0631\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u0648 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u062a\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u06a9\u0633\u0628\u200c\u0648\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0648\u0686\u06a9 \u0648 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0628\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u0646\u062f. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u0622\u06cc\u0646\u062f \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0634\u062a\u063a\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u0644\u06cc \u0648 \u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u200c\u0628\u062e\u0634\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u0645\u06a9 \u06a9\u0646\u062f (Khan &amp; Valatheeswaran, 2023). \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0646\u0628\u0648\u062f \u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0633\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062d\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u06cc \u0645\u0624\u062b\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0639 \u0628\u0647\u0631\u0647\u200c\u0628\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0638\u0631\u0641\u06cc\u062a \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0633\u0648\u0645: \u067e\u06cc\u0627\u0645\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u06cc\u060c \u0641\u0631\u0647\u0646\u06af\u06cc \u0648 \u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0633\u062a \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u06cc<\/h2>\n<h3>\u06f3-\u06f1- \u062a\u0623\u062b\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u06cc \u0648 \u0641\u0631\u0647\u0646\u06af\u06cc<\/h3>\n<p>\u062f\u06cc\u0627\u0633\u067e\u0648\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u0627\u06a9\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u062e\u0644\u06cc\u062c \u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0634\u0628\u06a9\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u06cc \u06af\u0633\u062a\u0631\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0637\u0631\u06cc\u0642 \u0622\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0631\u0632\u0634\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0641\u0631\u0647\u0646\u06af\u06cc\u060c \u062f\u06cc\u0646\u06cc \u0648 \u0647\u0648\u06cc\u062a\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0632\u062a\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062f \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0634\u0628\u06a9\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u062d\u0641\u0638 \u0627\u0646\u0633\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u062e\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062f\u06af\u06cc \u0648 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u06cc\u062a \u0647\u0648\u06cc\u062a \u0645\u0644\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0634\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0637 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631\u062a \u06a9\u0645\u06a9 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f (Vertovec, 2020). \u062f\u0631 \u0639\u06cc\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u060c \u062c\u062f\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0637\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u200c\u0645\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0639\u0636\u0627\u06cc \u062e\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u0641\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0646\u0627\u0634\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0632 \u062c\u0645\u0644\u0647 \u0686\u0627\u0644\u0634\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u067e\u062f\u06cc\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0631\u0648\u062f (ILO, 2021).<\/p>\n<h3>\u06f3-\u06f2- \u0646\u0642\u0634 \u062f\u06cc\u0627\u0633\u067e\u0648\u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0633\u062a \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u06cc \u0648 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc<\/h3>\n<p>\u062f\u06cc\u0627\u0633\u067e\u0648\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u0627\u06a9\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0628\u0647\u200c\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0633\u0631\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u06cc \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0644\u06cc\u060c \u0646\u0642\u0634 \u063a\u06cc\u0631\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u06cc\u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u067e\u0627\u06a9\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0627 \u06a9\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062e\u0644\u06cc\u062c \u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u06cc\u0641\u0627 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f. \u062d\u0636\u0648\u0631 \u06af\u0633\u062a\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0646\u06cc\u0631\u0648\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u067e\u0627\u06a9\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u060c \u067e\u06cc\u0648\u0646\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0648 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u06cc\u062a \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u0628\u0647\u200c\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u06cc\u067e\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0633\u06cc \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u06cc \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f (SCFR, 2021).<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc\u060c \u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u06cc\u0631\u0648\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0648 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0631\u0632\u06cc\u060c \u0628\u0647 \u062a\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0647\u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u0648 \u0627\u0645\u0646\u06cc\u062a\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u067e\u0627\u06a9\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0648 \u06a9\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062e\u0644\u06cc\u062c \u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u06a9\u0645\u06a9 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u062c\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u0634\u0648\u0631 \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0642\u0648\u06cc\u062a \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f (Islamic World Studies Institute, 2023).<\/p>\n<h2>\u0646\u062a\u06cc\u062c\u0647\u200c\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc<\/h2>\n<p>\u062f\u06cc\u0627\u0633\u067e\u0648\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u0627\u06a9\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u062e\u0644\u06cc\u062c \u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u06cc\u06a9\u06cc 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\u06a9\u0634\u0648\u0631 \u06af\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0634 \u06cc\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u06cc\u0627\u0633\u067e\u0648\u0631\u0627 \u0646\u0647\u200c\u062a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0635\u0644\u06cc \u062a\u0623\u0645\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0631\u0632\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u0648 \u06a9\u0627\u0647\u0634 \u0641\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0644\u06cc \u067e\u0627\u06a9\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0631\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0628\u0644\u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0647\u200c\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0634\u0628\u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0644\u06cc\u060c \u0646\u0642\u0634 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u067e\u06cc\u0648\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u067e\u0627\u06a9\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u0648 \u0698\u0626\u0648\u067e\u0644\u06cc\u062a\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0647 \u062e\u0644\u06cc\u062c \u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u06cc\u0641\u0627 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u06cc\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0628\u0633\u062a\u06af\u06cc \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u067e\u0627\u06a9\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0631\u0632\u06cc \u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0633\u0648\u06cc \u0645\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631 \u062f\u0631 \u062e\u0644\u06cc\u062c \u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633\u060c \u0627\u06af\u0631\u0686\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u06a9\u0648\u062a\u0627\u0647\u200c\u0645\u062f\u062a \u0628\u0647 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\u062f\u06cc\u0627\u0633\u067e\u0648\u0631\u0627 \u0648 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u06a9\u0634\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0647\u200c\u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0647\u0645\u200c\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u06af\u06cc\u0631\u062f. \u062a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0686\u0646\u06cc\u0646 \u0686\u0627\u0631\u0686\u0648\u0628\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u06cc\u0627\u0633\u067e\u0648\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u0627\u06a9\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0632 \u06cc\u06a9 \u067e\u062f\u06cc\u062f\u0647 \u0635\u0631\u0641\u0627\u064b \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u06cc\u060c \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0647\u0631\u0645\u06cc \u0631\u0627\u0647\u0628\u0631\u062f\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639\u0647 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0648 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u06cc\u062a \u0646\u0642\u0634 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u0627\u06a9\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0644 \u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0639<\/h2>\n<p class=\"docx_listparagraph docx-num-1-0\" dir=\"ltr\">Abella, M., &amp; Ducanes, G. (2021). Labour migration in Asia: Patterns and policies. International Labour Organization.<\/p>\n<p class=\"docx_listparagraph docx-num-1-0\" dir=\"ltr\">ADB. (2022). Migration and remittances in Asia. Asian Development Bank.<\/p>\n<p class=\"docx_listparagraph docx-num-1-0\" dir=\"ltr\">Amjad, R., &amp; Arif, G. M. (2021). Remittances and economic dependence in Pakistan. Pakistan Development Review, 60(2), 123\u2013145.<\/p>\n<p class=\"docx_listparagraph docx-num-1-0\" dir=\"ltr\">BEOE. (2021). Overseas employment statistics. Bureau of Emigration &amp; Overseas Employment, Pakistan.<\/p>\n<p class=\"docx_listparagraph docx-num-1-0\" dir=\"ltr\">GLMM. (2020). Gulf migration and labour markets. Gulf Labour Markets and Migration Programme.<\/p>\n<p class=\"docx_listparagraph docx-num-1-0\" dir=\"ltr\">ILO. (2021). International labour migration statistics. International Labour Organization.<\/p>\n<p class=\"docx_listparagraph docx-num-1-0\" dir=\"ltr\">IMF. (2024). 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United Nations.<\/p>\n<p class=\"docx_listparagraph docx-num-1-0\" dir=\"ltr\">UNDP. (2020). Migration, remittances and human development. United Nations Development Programme.<\/p>\n<p class=\"docx_listparagraph docx-num-1-0\" dir=\"ltr\">Vertovec, S. (2020). Transnationalism. Routledge.<\/p>\n<p class=\"docx_listparagraph docx-num-1-0\" dir=\"ltr\">World Bank. (2021). Migration and development brief. World Bank.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u062f\u06a9\u062a\u0631 \u06af\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0632 \u0633\u0639\u06cc\u062f\u06cc \u067e\u0698\u0648\u0647\u0634\u06af\u0631 \u0627\u0631\u0634\u062f \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u06a9\u0632 \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0644\u06cc \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0635\u0644\u062d &#8211; IPSC \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0647 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631\u062a \u0646\u06cc\u0631\u0648\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u067e\u062f\u06cc\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0633\u06cc \u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0622\u0633\u06cc\u0627 \u0648 \u062e\u0627\u0648\u0631\u0645\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u062f\u0647\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u062e\u06cc\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0631\u0648\u062f. \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u060c \u067e\u0627\u06a9\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0647\u200c\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0628\u0632\u0631\u06af\u200c\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0646\u06cc\u0631\u0648\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0646\u0642\u0634 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u062a\u0623\u0645\u06cc\u0646 \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc 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