{"id":14122,"date":"2022-09-14T05:03:08","date_gmt":"2022-09-14T05:03:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/peace-ipsc.org\/fa\/?p=14122"},"modified":"2022-09-14T05:03:08","modified_gmt":"2022-09-14T05:03:08","slug":"%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%a7%d8%a8%d8%b7-%d8%a7%d8%b3%d8%b1%d8%a7%db%8c%db%8c%d9%84-%d9%88-%d9%85%d8%b5%d8%b1","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/peace-ipsc.org\/fa\/%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%a7%d8%a8%d8%b7-%d8%a7%d8%b3%d8%b1%d8%a7%db%8c%db%8c%d9%84-%d9%88-%d9%85%d8%b5%d8%b1\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0633\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u0644 \u0648 \u0645\u0635\u0631\u00a0"},"content":{"rendered":"

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\n

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\n

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\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0647<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u06cc\u0644 \u062f\u0631 14 \u0645\u0647 1948 \u067e\u0633 \u0627\u0632 \u0642\u0637\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 181 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0644\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f (\u0633\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0644\u0644) \u06a9\u0647 \u062a\u0642\u0633\u06cc\u0645 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u06cc\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0635\u06cc\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u060c \u062a\u0634\u06a9\u06cc\u0644 \u06a9\u0634\u0648\u0631 \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u06a9\u0631\u062f. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0631\u0648\u06cc\u062f\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u06cc\u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0622\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0646\u0627\u0645 \u0646\u06a9\u0628\u0647 (\u0641\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0631\u0628\u06cc) \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0646\u062c\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0646 \u062c\u0646\u06af \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u06cc\u0644 \u0648 \u06a9\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0639\u0631\u0628\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u062c\u0645\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0634\u062f. \u0627\u06af\u0631\u0686\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0622\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0648\u0641\u0642\u06cc\u062a \u0622\u0645\u06cc\u0632 \u0628\u0648\u062f\u060c \u062d\u0645\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u06cc\u0644 \u0628\u0627 \u0634\u06a9\u0633\u062a \u062f\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0639\u0631\u0628\u06cc \u0648 \u067e\u0630\u06cc\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0646 \u0622\u062a\u0634 \u0628\u0633 \u067e\u06cc\u0634\u0646\u0647\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u0633\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0644\u0644 \u0628\u0647 \u062c\u0646\u06af 1948 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u062f (\u0639\u0628\u0627\u062f\u06cc\u060c 2006). \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062c\u0646\u06af \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u06cc\u0644 \u0628\u0647 \u00ab\u062c\u0646\u06af \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644\u00bb \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0646\u062c\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0646 \u062d\u0631\u06a9\u062a \u0628\u0632\u0631\u06af \u067e\u0646\u0627\u0647\u0646\u062f\u06af\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u06cc\u0646\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u06a9\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0647\u0645\u0633\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u0648 \u0627\u0634\u063a\u0627\u0644 78 \u062f\u0631\u0635\u062f \u0627\u0632 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u06cc\u0646 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062e\u06cc \u0634\u062f (\u067e\u0627\u067e\u0647\u060c 2006).\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0634\u06a9\u0633\u062a \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u062a \u062a\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u062a\u0623\u0633\u06cc\u0633 \u0627\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u06cc\u0644 \u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u062a \u0645\u0646\u062c\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u06a9\u0648\u062f\u062a\u0627\u06cc \u00ab\u0627\u0641\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0622\u0632\u0627\u062f\u00bb \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0644 1952 \u0639\u0644\u06cc\u0647 \u0633\u0644\u0637\u0646\u062a \u0634\u062f (\u062e\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u060c 2013). \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0644 1954 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a \u0631\u0633\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0646\u062d\u0648\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646\u0647 \u0642\u0648\u0627 \u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0628\u0647 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u06a9\u0631\u062f \u0648 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628 \u0628\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0632\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0645\u0646\u06cc\u062a \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0648 \u0627\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u06cc\u0644 \u0634\u062f \u062f\u0631 \u0646\u062a\u06cc\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0646\u0627\u0627\u0645\u0646\u06cc \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628”\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0633\u0647 \u06af\u0627\u0646\u0647” \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0628\u0631\u06cc\u062a\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0628\u06cc\u0631\u060c \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0647 \u0648 \u0627\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u06cc\u0644 \u0628\u0647 \u0634\u0628\u0647 \u062c\u0632\u06cc\u0631\u0647 \u0633\u06cc\u0646\u0627\u060c \u0646\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u063a\u0632\u0647 \u06af\u0634\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0633\u0631\u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0634\u063a\u0627\u0644 \u0622\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0634\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062c\u0628\u0648\u0631 \u0634\u062f\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0634\u063a\u0627\u0644 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f(\u062e\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u060c 2013).<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628\u062f (2009) \u00ab\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0633\u0647 \u06af\u0627\u0646\u0647\u00bb \u0631\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u06cc \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0631\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0648\u0644\u0648\u06cc\u062a \u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0632 \u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0633\u062a \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u067e\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0631\u0628\u06cc\u0633\u0645 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u062f\u0647\u062f. \u062f\u06cc\u062f\u06af\u0627\u0647\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0622\u0646 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0632\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u06cc\u0646 \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u06cc \u0628\u0648\u062f. \u0647\u0645\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0622\u0646\u0686\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u00ab\u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0637\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u00bb \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u063a\u0632\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u067e\u0646\u0627\u0647\u0646\u062f\u06af\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u06cc\u0646\u06cc \u0645\u0642\u06cc\u0645 \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u060c \u0622\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u06a9\u0631\u062f. \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0646\u0634\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0647\u0645\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u0646\u0634\u062c\u0648\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u06cc\u0646\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u06a9\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0639\u0631\u0628\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0632 \u06a9\u0631\u062f. \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0631\u062f\u0645 \u063a\u0632\u0647 \u0627\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062f \u062a\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0646\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0634\u063a\u0644 \u0628\u06af\u0631\u062f\u0646\u062f. (\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628\u062f\u060c 2009).\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u067e\u0633 \u0627\u0632 \u062c\u0646\u06af \u0648 \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0646\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0634\u063a\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0645\u0631\u0632 \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u063a\u0632\u0647 \u0648 \u0627\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u06cc\u0644 \u0644\u063a\u0648 \u0634\u062f. \u0628\u0647 \u06af\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u06cc\u0644\u06cc\u0648 (2014)\u060c \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u06cc\u0644 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u0648\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0646 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0633\u062a “\u062f\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0632” \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u06cc\u0646\u06cc \u0647\u0627 \u0634\u063a\u0644 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f (\u0648 \u062a\u0627\u0645\u06cc\u0646 \u0646\u06cc\u0631\u0648\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0631\u0632\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u06cc\u0644) \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062b \u0622\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0634 \u0633\u0631\u06cc\u0639 \u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0628\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0622\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0627 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u062c\u062f\u062f \u062e\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0634\u063a\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u06cc\u0644\u060c \u062d\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u063a\u0632\u0647 \u062a\u0631\u062a\u06cc\u0628 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0627 \u06af\u0630\u0634\u062a \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0647\u0645\u06cc\u062a \u0648 \u062e\u0634\u0648\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0648\u062f\u0647 \u0634\u062f (\u0641\u06cc\u0644\u06cc\u0648\u060c 2014). \u0631\u0626\u06cc\u0633 \u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0628\u0627 \u062f\u0631\u06a9 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0646\u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0633\u0631\u0632\u0645\u06cc\u0646 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u062f\u0633\u062a \u0631\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0622\u06cc\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u062f\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0641\u062a\u062d \u06a9\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0627\u06cc\u062f\u0647 \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0641\u062f\u0627\u0626\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u062f \u0648 \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u062d\u0645\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u06cc\u0644 \u062a\u0634\u0648\u06cc\u0642 \u06a9\u0631\u062f (\u0639\u0628\u0627\u062f\u06cc\u060c 2006). \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u060c \u06af\u0631\u0648\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0641\u062a\u062d \u0648 \u062c\u0628\u0647\u0647 \u0645\u0631\u062f\u0645\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0622\u0632\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647\u06cc \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u06cc\u0627\u0641\u062a.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0628\u0627 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a \u0645\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u06cc\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u06cc\u0644\u00a0 (Filiu, 2014: 138) \u0648 \u0628\u0647 \u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0631\u0626\u06cc\u0633 \u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631\u060c \u0633\u0642\u0648\u0637 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0648\u0631\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u0627\u06cc\u062f\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0648 \u067e\u0633 \u0627\u0632 \u062c\u0646\u06af \u0634\u0634 \u0631\u0648\u0632\u0647 \u0622\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0634\u062f. \u0631\u0626\u06cc\u0633 \u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0644 1970 \u0628\u0631 \u0627\u062b\u0631 \u062d\u0645\u0644\u0647 \u0642\u0644\u0628\u06cc \u063a\u06cc\u0631\u0645\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0631\u0647 \u062f\u0631\u06af\u0630\u0634\u062a \u0648 \u0627\u0646\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0626\u06cc\u0633 \u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0634\u062f.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0645\u0646\u06cc\u062a\u060c \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u06cc\u060c \u067e\u0630\u06cc\u0631\u0634 \u0627\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u06cc\u0644 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0647\u060c \u062d\u0642 \u062a\u0639\u06cc\u06cc\u0646 \u0633\u0631\u0646\u0648\u0634\u062a \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u06cc\u0646\u06cc \u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648 \u0646\u0642\u0634 \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0648 \u0627\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u06cc\u0644 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639\u06cc\u062a \u0646\u0648\u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u062e\u0627\u0648\u0631\u0645\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0628\u062d\u062b \u062f\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0646\u0634\u0633\u062a \u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062e\u06cc \u0628\u0648\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0627\u0647 \u0645\u06cc 1979 \u062f\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u06af\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u0634\u062f.\u00a0 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0648\u0627\u0632\u062f\u0647 \u0646\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0632 \u0631\u0648\u0634\u0646\u0641\u06a9\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u06cc\u0644 \u0648 \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u06af\u0631\u062f \u0647\u0645 \u0622\u0645\u062f\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0648 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0627 \u0622\u0646 \u06af\u0641\u062a\u06af\u0648 \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f. \u0634\u0631\u06a9\u062a \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u06af\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u0631\u06cc \u0648 \u0627\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u06cc\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0631\u0686\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0634\u0633\u062a \u0645\u0627\u0647 \u0645\u0647 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u062a \u0628\u0647 \u0641\u0631\u0635\u062a \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0622\u0634\u062a\u06cc \u0648 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u06cc \u06af\u0633\u062a\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0628 \u0648 \u0627\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u06cc\u0644\u06cc \u0647\u0627 \u0628\u062f\u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u0648\u062f\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0634\u0631\u06a9\u062a \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u06af\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0645\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0647 \u067e\u0630\u06cc\u0631\u0634 \u0627\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u06cc\u0644 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u067e\u0630\u06cc\u0631\u0634 \u0627\u0632 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0633\u06cc \u0631\u0636\u0627\u06cc\u062a \u0628\u062e\u0634 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0632 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0622\u06cc\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0646\u0632\u062f\u06cc\u06a9 \u0628\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0639\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0647\u0645\u0647 \u0634\u0631\u06a9\u062a \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u06af\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u062d\u0642 \u062a\u0639\u06cc\u06cc\u0646 \u0633\u0631\u0646\u0648\u0634\u062a \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u06cc\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0686\u06af\u0648\u0646\u06af\u06cc \u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0622\u0646 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0632 1948 \u062a\u0627 1970<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u06cc\u0644 \u062f\u0631 14 \u0645\u0647 1948 \u067e\u0633 \u0627\u0632 \u0642\u0637\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 181 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0644\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f (\u0633\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0644\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f) \u06a9\u0647 \u062a\u0642\u0633\u06cc\u0645 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u06cc\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0635\u06cc\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u060c \u062a\u0634\u06a9\u06cc\u0644 \u06a9\u0634\u0648\u0631 \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u06a9\u0631\u062f. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0631\u0648\u06cc\u062f\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u06cc\u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u0646\u0627\u0645 \u0646\u06a9\u0628\u0647 (\u062f\u0631 \u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0631\u0628\u06cc “\u0641\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0647”) \u0634\u0646\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0646\u062c\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0646 \u062c\u0646\u06af \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u06cc\u0644 \u0648 \u06a9\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0639\u0631\u0628\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u062c\u0645\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0634\u062f \u0648 \u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u062a \u06a9\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0639\u0631\u0628\u06cc \u0634\u06a9\u0633\u062a \u062e\u0648\u0631\u062f\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u0622\u062a\u0634 \u0628\u0633 \u067e\u06cc\u0634\u0646\u0647\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u0633\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0644\u0644 \u0631\u0627 \u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646\u062f. \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0628\u0639\u06cc\u062a \u0627\u0632 \u0637\u0631\u062d \u062a\u0642\u0633\u06cc\u0645 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0644\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u06cc\u0644 \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u06cc\u06a9 \u06a9\u0634\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f 55.5 \u062f\u0631\u0635\u062f \u0627\u0632 \u062e\u0627\u06a9 \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u06cc\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f (\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628\u062f\u060c 2009). \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0647 \u0628\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u060c \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062c\u0646\u06af \u0645\u0646\u062c\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u0622\u0646 \u0634\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u00ab\u0628\u06cc\u0634 \u0627\u0632 25 \u062f\u0631\u0635\u062f \u0627\u0632 \u06a9\u0644 \u062c\u0645\u0639\u06cc\u062a \u067e\u0646\u0627\u0647\u0646\u062f\u06af\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u0627\u0644 1948\u00bb \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0646\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u063a\u0632\u0647 \u06a9\u0647 1.3 \u062f\u0631\u0635\u062f \u0627\u0632 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u06cc\u0646 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062e\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u0634\u06a9\u06cc\u0644 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f (\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628\u062f\u060c 2009: 16).<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0646 \u062d\u0631\u06a9\u062a \u0628\u0632\u0631\u06af \u067e\u0646\u0627\u0647\u0646\u062f\u06af\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u0627\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0634\u062f\u060c \u062c\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u0644\u06a9 \u0641\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0627 \u0647\u062c\u0648\u0645 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u06cc\u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0631\u062f\u0648\u06af\u0627\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0622\u0648\u0627\u0631\u06af\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u0631\u062f.<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u0631\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u0631\u062f (\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628\u062f\u060c 2009: 23). \u067e\u0633 \u0627\u0632 \u062c\u0646\u06af \u0648 \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0646\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0634\u063a\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0645\u0631\u0632 \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u063a\u0632\u0647 \u0648 \u0627\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u06cc\u0644 \u0644\u063a\u0648 \u0634\u062f. \u0628\u0647 \u06af\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u06cc\u0644\u06cc\u0648 (2014)\u060c \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u06cc\u0644 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u0648\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0646 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0633\u062a \u00ab\u062f\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0632\u00bb \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u06cc\u0646\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0634\u063a\u0644 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f (\u0648 \u062a\u0623\u0645\u06cc\u0646 \u0646\u06cc\u0631\u0648\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0631\u0632\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u06cc\u0644) \u06cc\u06a9 \u0622\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0634 \u0633\u0631\u06cc\u0639 \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0646\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u062f \u0622\u0648\u0631\u062f.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0628\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0648 \u0628\u0627 \u062f\u06cc\u062f\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u062e\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0634\u063a\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u06cc\u0644\u060c \u063a\u0632\u0647 \u062d\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u0631\u062a\u06cc\u0628 \u062f\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0627 \u06af\u0630\u0634\u062a \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0647\u0645\u06cc\u062a \u0648 \u062e\u0634\u0648\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0648\u062f\u0647 \u0634\u062f (\u0641\u06cc\u0644\u06cc\u0648\u060c 2014). \u0631\u0626\u06cc\u0633 \u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0628\u0627 \u062f\u0631\u06a9 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0646\u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0633\u0631\u0632\u0645\u06cc\u0646 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u062f\u0633\u062a \u0631\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0622\u06cc\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u062f\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0641\u062a\u062d \u06a9\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0627\u06cc\u062f\u0647 \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0641\u062f\u0627\u0626\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u062f \u0648 \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u062d\u0645\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u06cc\u0644 \u062a\u0634\u0648\u06cc\u0642 \u06a9\u0631\u062f (\u0639\u0628\u0627\u062f\u06cc\u060c 2006). \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u060c \u06af\u0631\u0648\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0641\u062a\u062d \u0648 \u062c\u0628\u0647\u0647 \u0645\u0631\u062f\u0645\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0622\u0632\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647\u06cc \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a \u0645\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u06cc\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u06cc\u0644 \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0646\u062f\u00a0 (Filiu, 2014: 138) \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0648 \u0628\u0647 \u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0631\u0626\u06cc\u0633 \u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631\u060c \u0633\u0642\u0648\u0637 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0648\u0631\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u0627\u06cc\u062f\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0648 \u067e\u0633 \u0627\u0632 \u062c\u0646\u06af \u0634\u0634 \u0631\u0648\u0632\u0647 \u0622\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0634\u062f. \u0631\u0626\u06cc\u0633 \u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0644 1970 \u0628\u0631 \u0627\u062b\u0631 \u062d\u0645\u0644\u0647 \u0642\u0644\u0628\u06cc \u063a\u06cc\u0631\u0645\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0631\u0647 \u062f\u0631\u06af\u0630\u0634\u062a \u0648 \u0627\u0646\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0626\u06cc\u0633 \u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0634\u062f.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u067e\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0635\u0644\u062d 1979 \u0648 \u0633\u0642\u0648\u0637 \u0634\u0628\u0647 \u062c\u0632\u06cc\u0631\u0647 \u0633\u06cc\u0646\u0627 \u00ab\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0637\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u00bb \u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u06a9\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0634\u063a\u0627\u0644 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0648\u062f \u0648 \u0648\u0636\u0639\u06cc\u062a \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u00ab\u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062c\u0646\u06af\u060c \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0635\u0644\u062d\u00bb \u0631\u0626\u06cc\u0633 \u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0641\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u062f \u062a\u0627 \u0627\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0645\u06cc \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u062f\u0647\u062f (\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628\u062f\u060c 2009). \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0646\u060c \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06a9\u062a\u0628\u0631 1973\u060c \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0648 \u0633\u0648\u0631\u06cc\u0647 \u0628\u0627 \u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0632\u067e\u0633 \u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0632 \u062f\u0633\u062a \u0631\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u062c\u0646\u06af 1967\u060c \u062d\u0645\u0644\u0647 \u063a\u0627\u0641\u0644\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u06cc\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u06cc\u0644 \u0622\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646\u062f. \u0639\u0644\u06cc\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0648\u0641\u0642\u06cc\u062a \u0627\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0647\u060c \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0645\u200c\u062c\u0648\u06cc\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u06cc\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u06af\u06cc\u0632\u0647 \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0648 \u0633\u0648\u0631\u06cc\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0647\u0645 \u0634\u06a9\u0633\u062a \u0648 \u062c\u0646\u06af \u0631\u0627 \u067e\u06cc\u0631\u0648\u0632 \u0634\u062f.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0646\u062a\u06cc\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u0647\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0632\u06cc\u0627\u0628\u06cc \u0634\u0628\u0647 \u062c\u0632\u06cc\u0631\u0647 \u0633\u06cc\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632 \u0628\u0647 \u067e\u06cc\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u062f\u06cc\u067e\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0633\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a \u0648 \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0646 \u0644\u062d\u0638\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u062c\u0646\u06af \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0634\u062f \u062a\u0627 \u0627\u0628\u0632\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0633\u062a\u06cc\u0627\u0628\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0639 \u0645\u0644\u06cc \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u062a\u0644\u0642\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f (\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628\u062f\u060c 2009: 46). \u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0628\u0631 1977\u060c \u0633\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u062e\u0646\u0631\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u06a9\u0646\u0633\u062a \u0627\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u06cc\u0644 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0648\u0631\u0634\u0644\u06cc\u0645 \u0633\u0641\u0631 \u06a9\u0631\u062f \u0648 \u062f\u0631 \u0622\u0646\u062c\u0627 \u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u06a9\u0631\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u06cc\u0627\u0628\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0686\u06cc\u0632\u06cc \u0628\u06cc\u0634 \u0627\u0632 \u06cc\u06a9 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u060c \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0634\u063a\u0627\u0644 \u0633\u0631\u0632\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0639\u0631\u0628\u06cc \u0648 \u062a\u0639\u06cc\u06cc\u0646 \u0633\u0631\u0646\u0648\u0634\u062a \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u06cc\u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a (\u062e\u0644\u06cc\u0641\u0647\u060c 2013).<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0639\u0644\u06cc\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u06cc\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0628\u0646\u06cc \u0628\u0631 \u062a\u0639\u06cc\u06cc\u0646 \u0633\u0631\u0646\u0648\u0634\u062a \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u06cc\u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0642\u0627\u06cc\u0639 \u067e\u0633 \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0646 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0648 \u0622\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u062a\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0632\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u06cc\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u06a9\u0646\u062f. \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0648 \u0627\u0633\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u0644 \u0628\u0631 \u0633\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u0647\u0645\u0686\u0646\u06cc\u0646 \u06af\u0641\u062a\u06af\u0648 \u0648 \u0627\u0645\u0636\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0642\u0637\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 242 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0644\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0631\u0633\u06cc\u062f\u0646\u062f. \u0628\u0627 \u0645\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u062c\u06cc\u06af\u0631\u06cc \u0631\u0626\u06cc\u0633 \u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0647 \u0635\u0644\u062d \u062f\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0634\u0646\u06af\u062a\u0646 \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0644 1979 \u0627\u0645\u0636\u0627 \u0648 \u0628\u0647 \u062a\u0635\u0648\u06cc\u0628 \u0631\u0633\u06cc\u062f.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u062f\u0631 \u0647\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u0627\u0644 \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u06cc\u0646\u0627 \u0631\u0626\u06cc\u0633 \u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631 \u067e\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u062a\u0639\u06cc\u06cc\u0646 \u0633\u0631\u0646\u0648\u0634\u062a \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u06cc\u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u06cc\u06a9 \u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u062e\u0648\u062f\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u06cc\u0646\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u06a9\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631\u06cc \u0648 \u0646\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u063a\u0632\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u067e\u06cc\u0634\u0646\u0647\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u0631\u062f \u0648 \u0627\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u06cc\u0644 \u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u062a \u06a9\u0631\u062f.<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0647 \u0635\u0644\u062d 197<\/strong>\u06f8<\/strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0647 \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u06cc\u0644 \u0628\u0627 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u067e\u06cc\u0686\u06cc\u062f\u06af\u06cc \u0647\u0627 \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647\u06cc \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0648\u062f \u0648 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0647 \u0635\u0644\u062d \u06af\u0631\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0634\u062f \u062a\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u06f3\u06f0 \u0633\u0627\u0644 \u062e\u0635\u0648\u0645\u062a\u00a0 \u0628\u06cc \u0627\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0648 \u067e\u0646\u062c \u062c\u0646\u06af \u067e\u0631\u0647\u0632\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0647\u062f.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u067e\u06cc\u0634 \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0647\u060c \u0633\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0631\u0626\u06cc\u0633 \u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0648\u0631\u0634\u0644\u06cc\u0645 (1977)\u060c \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0639\u0648\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e\u06cc\u0645 \u0628\u06af\u06cc\u0646\u060c \u0646\u062e\u0633\u062a \u0648\u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u06cc\u0644\u060c \u0648 \u0647\u0645\u0686\u0646\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0645\u0636\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u06a9\u0645\u067e \u062f\u06cc\u0648\u06cc\u062f (1978) \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u0628\u0646\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0635\u0644\u062d \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u06cc\u0644 \u0628\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u06af\u0631\u0641\u062a. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062b \u0634\u062f \u0631\u0626\u06cc\u0633 \u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0648 \u0646\u062e\u0633\u062a \u0648\u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u0628\u06af\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u06a9 \u062c\u0627\u06cc\u0632\u0647 \u0635\u0644\u062d \u0646\u0648\u0628\u0644 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0648\u0631\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0641\u062a \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632 \u0628\u0647 \u062d\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0647 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u06cc\u0646\u060c \u067e\u0633 \u0627\u0632 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u062a \u067e\u0646\u062c \u0633\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u062e\u0648\u062f\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u0627\u06a9\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0631\u0628 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u06cc\u0646\u06cc \u06cc\u0647\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u0647 \u0648 \u0633\u0627\u0645\u0631\u0647 (\u06a9\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631\u06cc) \u0648 \u0646\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u063a\u0632\u0647 \u0627\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0631\u062f.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0635\u0644\u062d \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u06cc\u0644 \u0648 \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0632 \u0686\u0646\u062f\u06cc\u0646 \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u062f\u0647 \u062a\u0634\u06a9\u06cc\u0644 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0632 \u062c\u0645\u0644\u0647 \u062e\u0627\u062a\u0645\u0647 \u0648\u0636\u0639\u06cc\u062a \u062c\u0646\u06af \u0648 \u0647\u0645\u0686\u0646\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u06cc\u0627 \u062a\u0647\u062f\u06cc\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062c\u0646\u06af \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0647\u060c \u062e\u0635\u0648\u0645\u062a \u06cc\u0627 \u062e\u0634\u0648\u0646\u062a. \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u062f\u06cc\u067e\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a\u06cc\u06a9\u060c \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u0648 \u0641\u0631\u0647\u0646\u06af\u06cc\u061b \u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0639 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0648 \u0622\u0632\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u0631\u0641\u062a \u0648 \u0622\u0645\u062f\u061b \u0648 \u0639\u0642\u0628 \u0646\u0634\u06cc\u0646\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u06cc\u0644 \u0627\u0632 \u0634\u0628\u0647 \u062c\u0632\u06cc\u0631\u0647 \u0633\u06cc\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u062a\u0631\u062a\u06cc\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0645\u0646\u06cc\u062a\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0646\u06cc\u0631\u0648. \u0627\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u06cc\u0644 \u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0632 \u0633\u06cc\u0646\u0627 (1982) \u0631\u0627 \u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u062f \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0647 \u062a\u06a9\u0645\u06cc\u0644 \u06a9\u0631\u062f \u0648 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0632\u0627\u06cc \u0635\u0644\u062d\u060c \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0698\u06cc\u06a9 \u0648 \u0633\u0627\u06cc\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u06af\u0630\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u0631\u062f.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u06af\u0631\u0686\u0647 \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0646\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0645\u0636\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0633\u0627\u06cc\u0631 \u06a9\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0639\u0631\u0628\u06cc \u0637\u0631\u062f \u0634\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u0631 \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0646 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u0633\u0641\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0632\u06af\u0634\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646\u062f. \u0645\u0642\u0631 \u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f\u06cc\u0647 \u0639\u0631\u0628 \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0648\u062f\u060c \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0648\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u062f\u0647\u0647 1980 \u062f\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0632\u06af\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0634\u062f.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0639\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u06cc\u0644 \u0648 \u0645\u0635\u0631\u060c \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u063a\u0644\u0628\u0647 \u0628\u0631 30 \u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u06cc \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u0648 \u062e\u0635\u0648\u0645\u062a\u060c \u0641\u0631\u0622\u06cc\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u0637\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0648 \u062f\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0633\u0641\u0627\u0631\u062a\u200c\u062e\u0627\u0646\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u06a9\u0646\u0633\u0648\u0644\u06af\u0631\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0647\u0631 \u062f\u0648 \u06a9\u0634\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0634\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u062c\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u0648\u0632\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0648 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u0631\u062a\u0628\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u06af\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0644 2004\u060c \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0648 \u0627\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u06cc\u0644 \u06cc\u06a9 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0647 \u0635\u0646\u0639\u062a\u06cc \u0648\u0627\u062c\u062f \u0634\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0637 (QIZ) \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0645\u0636\u0627 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0622\u0646 \u06a9\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062f \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u06a9 \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u062e\u0634\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0622\u0632\u0627\u062f \u0627\u06cc\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u0627\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u06cc\u0644 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0636 \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f. \u062f\u0631 \u0646\u062a\u06cc\u062c\u0647 QIZ\u060c \u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u06cc\u0644 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0644 2005 \u060c\u0635\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0647 \u062f\u0631\u0635\u062f \u0631\u0634\u062f \u06a9\u0631\u062f.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0633\u0631\u062f<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

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\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

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\u062f\u0631 \u0641\u0648\u0631\u06cc\u0647 2018\u060c \u0634\u0631\u06a9\u062a Noble Energy Inc \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u0627\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u06cc\u0644 Delek Drilling LP \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0631\u0632\u0634 15 \u0645\u06cc\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u0631\u062f \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0634 \u06af\u0627\u0632 \u0637\u0628\u06cc\u0639\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u06cc\u0646 \u0644\u0648\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0648 \u062a\u0627\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0637\u06cc 10 \u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646\u062f. \u0646\u0648\u0628\u0644\u060c \u062f\u0644\u06a9 \u0648 \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631 \u0634\u0631\u06a9\u0627\u06cc \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0644\u0648\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0648 \u062a\u0627\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0648 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0627 \u0647\u0644\u062f\u06cc\u0646\u06af \u062f\u0644\u0641\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u0633 \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0634 64 \u0645\u06cc\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u06a9\u0639\u0628 \u06af\u0627\u0632 \u0637\u0628\u06cc\u0639\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u06a9\u0634\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0645\u0636\u0627 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646\u062f. \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0644 2019\u060c \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0634\u0631\u06a9\u062a \u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0639\u0631\u0636\u0647 \u06af\u0627\u0632 \u0637\u0628\u06cc\u0639\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u0627 35 \u062f\u0631\u0635\u062f \u0628\u06cc\u0634 \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u06cc\u0632\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0637\u0631\u0641\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0644 2018 \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u06cc\u0644 \u06af\u0627\u0632 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0648\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0633\u0627\u0644 2020 \u0628\u0648\u062f.<\/span><\/p>\n

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\n

\u06af\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0634 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u062a<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

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\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

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\u00a0\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0647 \u0628\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u06cc\u0644 \u0647\u0645\u0686\u0646\u06cc\u0646 \u0646\u06af\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0648\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u06cc \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0628 1979 \u0627\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u0631\u062e \u062f\u0647\u062f. \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0628\u0627 \u06af\u0630\u0634\u062a \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c \u062f\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0645\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0647\u06cc\u0686 \u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0632\u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u06cc \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0648 \u0627\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u06cc\u0644 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u062f\u0627\u062f. \u06a9\u0627\u0646\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0642\u0648\u062a \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0642\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u0645\u067e \u062f\u06cc\u0648\u06cc\u062f \u0648 \u067e\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0635\u0644\u062d \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0631\u0639\u0627\u06cc\u062a \u0634\u062f. \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0645\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0639\u0644\u06cc\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0633\u0644\u0641 \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0648 \u06a9\u0633\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0648 \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u062f\u0641\u062a\u0631 \u062f\u0646\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u060c \u062f\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u06af\u0627\u0645 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u06cc\u0644 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u067e\u0631\u0633\u0634 \u0648 \u062a\u0641\u06a9\u0631 \u062f\u0646\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0646\u06a9\u0631\u062f. \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u062a \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631\u060c \u0631\u0648\u06cc\u06a9\u0631\u062f \u0645\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0646\u0633\u0628\u062a \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u06cc\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u200c\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0632 \u0631\u0648\u06cc\u06a9\u0631\u062f \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0631\u06a9 \u0628\u0648\u062f. \u0627\u0648 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0631\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062d\u0645\u0627\u0633 \u0648 \u0641\u062a\u062d \u062a\u0627 \u062c\u0646\u0628\u0634 \u0645\u0644\u06cc \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u06cc\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u0627\u0634 \u06a9\u0631\u062f \u062a\u0627 \u0634\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0632 \u062f\u0633\u062a \u0631\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0632\u06cc\u0627\u0628\u062f. \u0645\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u062a\u0627 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u06cc \u0635\u0644\u062d \u0633\u0631\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0633\u062a \u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0632\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0631\u062f.<\/span><\/p>\n

\n

\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0639<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\n

-\u201cHazem Khairat is first Egyptian ambassador after Atef Salem was recalled in 2012 by former president Morsi,\u201d I24 News, (January 3, 2016);<\/span><\/p>\n

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-Abou-El-Fadl, Reem (2012), \u201cThe Road to Jerusalem through Tahrir Square: Anti-Zionism and Palestine in the 2011 Egyptian Revolution\u201d, Institute for Palestine Studies, (Online), 41 (2) -Agamben, Giorgio (1995), Homo Sacer – Sovereign Power and Bare Life, Giulio Einaudi Editore -Agdemir, A. Murat (2016), \u201cThe Arab Spring and Israel’s Relations with Egypt: A View from Turkey\u201d, Israel Journal of Foreign Affairs, (Online), 10 (2)\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

-Ahram (January 17, 2017); \u201cIsrael raises height of barrier on Egypt border,\u201d\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

-Ahram Online, (October 3, 2021).\u201cEgyptAir flight lands in Tel Aviv for first time in decades,\u201d\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

-Ali, Rozina (2013), \u201cDemocracy versus Security\u201d (Online), checked on 15\/10\/2020. Available https:\/\/www.thecairoreview.com\/tahrir-forum\/democracy-versus-security\/<\/a>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

-Alimahomed-Wilson, Jake and Spencer Louis Potiker (2017), \u201cThe Logistics of Occupation: Israel’s Colonial Suppression of Palestine’s Goods Movement Infrastructure\u201d, Journal of Labor and Society, (Online), 20 (4)\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

-Alimi, Eitan Y. (2007), \u201cIsraeli Politics and the First Palestinian Intifada\u201d, Routledge, (Online) -Amnesty International (2009), \u201cIsrael\/Gaza Operation \u2018Cast Lead\u2019: 22 Days of Death and Destruction\u201d, London\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

-Anna Ahronheim, \u201cEgypt Sends Military Helicopters To Battle Wildfires,\u201d Jerusalem Post, (May 26, 2019);<\/span><\/p>\n

-Aran, Amnon and Rami Ginat (2014), \u201cRevisiting Egyptian Foreign Policy towards Israel under Mubarak: From Cold Peace to Strategic Peace\u201d, Journal of Strategic Studies, (Online), 37 (4) -Armstrong, Karen (2000), Islam, London, Weidenfeld & Nicolson\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

-Awad, Ibrahim (2013), \u201cBreaking out of Authoritarianism: 18 Months of Political Transition in Egypt\u201d, John Wiley & Sons, (Online), 20 (2)\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

-B\u2019Tselem (2009), \u201cGuidelines for Israel\u2019s Investigation into Operation Cast Lead\u201d, Jerusalem -B\u2019Tselem (2013), \u201cHuman Rights Violations during Operation Pillar of Defense\u201d, Jerusalem -B\u2019Tselem (2017), \u201cThe Gaza Strip\u201d (Online), checked on 15\/10\/2020. Available at: https:\/\/www.btselem.org\/gaza_strip<\/a>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

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-Beinin, Joel (1985), \u201cThe Cold Peace\u201d, Middle East Research and Information Project, (Online), 129\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

-Bell, Avi and Dov Shefi (2010), \u201cThe mythical post-2005 Israeli occupation of the Gaza Strip\u201d, Israel Affairs, (Online), 16 (2)\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

-Benvenisti, Eyal (1993), The International Law of Occupation, Princeton, Princeton University Press\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

-Berti, B. (2015), \u201cNon-State Actors as Providers of Governance: The Hamas Government in Gaza between Effective Sovereignty, Centralized Control, and Resistance\u201d, Middle East Journal, (Online) 69 (1)<\/span><\/p>\n

-Bi\u00e7akci, Salih (2007), \u201cThe Palestinian parliamentary legislative elections 25 January 2006\u201d, Journal of Southern Europe and the Balkans, (Online), 9 (1)\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

-Blumenthal, Max (2014), \u201cPoliticide in Gaza: How Israel’s Far Right Won the War\u201d, Institute for Palestine Studies, (Online), 44 (1)\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

-Brenner, Bj\u00f6rn (2017), Gaza Under Hamas, London, I.B.Tauris & Co. Ltd\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

-Buttu, Diana (2014), \u201cBlaming the Victims\u201d, Institute for Palestine Studies, (Online), 44 (1) -Caridi, Paola (2010), Hamas From Resistance to Government?, Feltrinelli, PASSIA\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

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-Cohen, Raphael S. et.al (2017) (RAND) From Cast Lead to Protective Edge: Lessons from Israel\u2019s Wars in Gaza, California, RAND Corporation\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

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-Edwards, Richard (2008), The Encyclopaedia of the Arab-Israeli Conflict \u2013 A Political, Social, and Military History, I, pp 70-71, California, ABC- CLIO, Inc. (First Edition)\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

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-Elgindy, Khaled (2012), \u201cEgypt, Israel, Palestine: Prospects for Peace After the Arab Spring\u201d, Cairo Review, (Online), 6\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

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-Hroub, Khaled (2006), Hamas, London, Pluto Press\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

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-Human Rights Watch (2007), \u201cWhy They Died: Civilian Casualties in Lebanon during the 2006 War\u201d, (Online), 19 (5)\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

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Israeli Ministry of Foreign Affairs;Khaleej Times Online, (December 17, 2005);<\/span><\/p>\n

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-Khalidi, Muhammad Ali (2010), \u201c”The Most Moral Army in the World”: The New “Ethical Code” of the Israeli Military and The War on Gaza\u201d, Institute for Palestine Studies, (Online), 39 (3)\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

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-Mukhimer, Tariq (2008), \u201cHamas Rule in Gaza: Human Rights under Constraint\u201d, New York, Palgrave Macmillan\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

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-Navone, Lorenzo (2016), \u201cThe Field before the Battle. Palestinian Mobilities and the Gaza-Israel-Egypt triangular Border before (and after) the 2011 Egyptian Uprising\u201d, in \u201cGuests and Aliens\u201d: ReConfiguring New Mobilities in the Eastern Mediterranean After 2011 – with a special focus on Syrian refugees, Istanbul, Institut fran\u00e7ais d\u2019\u00e9tudes anatoliennes\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

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-Palestinian Centre for Human Rights (2007), \u201c\u2018Black Days in the Absence of Justice: Report on Bloody Fighting in the Gaza Strip from 7 to 14 June 2007\u2019\u201d, Gaza Strip Palestinian Centre for Human Rights (2009), \u201c23 Days of War, 928 Days of Closure: Life One Year after Israel\u2019s Latest Offensive on the Gaza Strip, 27 December 2008 \u2013 18 January 2009\u201d, Gaza Strip\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

-Papp\u00e9, Ilan (2006), A History of Modern Palestine, New York, Cambridge University Press<\/span><\/p>\n

-PASSIA (2018), Understanding Gaza, Jerusalem, Palestinian Academic Society for the Study of International Affairs\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

-Pelham, Nicolas (2012a), \u201cGaza’s Tunnel Phenomenon: The Unintended Dynamics of Israel’s Siege\u201d, Institute for Palestine Studies, (Online), 41 (4)\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

-Pelham, Nicolas (2012b), \u201cSinai: The Buffer Erodes\u201d, The Royal Institute of International Affairs, (Online)\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

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-Pierpaoli, Paul and Sherifa Zuhur (2008), The Encyclopaedia of the Arab-Israeli Conflict \u2013 A Political, Social, and Military History, I, pp 879-881, California, ABC- CLIO, Inc. (First Edition) Rigas, Georgios (2015) Hamas-Egypt Relations during Morsi\u2019s Presidency, Brais Conference Roy, Sara (1987), \u201cThe Gaza Strip: A Case of Economic De-Development\u201d, Institute for Palestine Studies, (Online), 17 (1) 65\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

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-Roy, Sara (1991), \u201cThe Political Economy of Despair: Changing Political and Economic Realities in the Gaza Strip\u201d, Institute for Palestine Studies, (Online), 20 (3)\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

-Roy, Sara (1993), \u201cGaza: New Dynamics of Civic Disintegration\u201d, Institute for Palestine Studies, (Online), 22 (4)\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

-Roy, Sara (1995), The Gaza Strip: The Political Economy of De-Development, Washington DC, Institute for Palestine Studies\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

-Roy, Sara (2000), \u201cThe crisis within: The struggle for Palestinian society\u201d, Journal for Critical Studies of the Middle East, (Online), 5 (30)\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

-Roy, Sara (2007), Failing Peace, London, Pluto Press\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

-Roy, Sara (2011), Hamas and Civil Society in Gaza, New Jersey, Princeton University Press -Sayigh, Yezid (2010), \u201cHamas Rule in Gaza: Three Years On\u201d, Crown Center for Middle East Studies, (Online), 41\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

-Selim, Gamal (2015), \u201cEgypt Under SCAF and the Muslim Brotherhood: The Triangle of Counter Revolution\u201d, Arab Studies Quarterly, (Online), 37 (2)\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

-Shaaban, Omar (2012), \u201cHamas and Morsi: Not So Easy Between Brothers\u201d, Carnegie Middle East Center, (Online)\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

-Shkolnik, Michael (2017), \u201c\u2019Mowing the Grass\u2019 and Operation Protective Edge: Israel\u2019s strategy for protracted asymmetric conflict with Hamas\u201d, Canadian Foreign Policy Journal, (Online), 23 (2)\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

-Shlaim, Avi (1994), \u201cThe Oslo Accord\u201d, Institute of Palestine Studies, (Online), 23 (3)\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

-Shoshana Solomon, Delek, Noble sign accords for $15b in sales of Israeli natural gas to Egypt, Times of Israel, (February 19, 2018):<\/span><\/p>\n

-Siddiqui, Fazzur (2016a), \u201cChanging Contours of Egypt\u2019s Foreign Policy in the Aftermath of Uprising\u201d, Indian Council of World Affairs, (Online)\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

-Siddiqui, Fazzur (2016b), \u201cFive Years of Uprising: Egypt has Come Full Circle\u201d, Indian Council of World Affairs, (Online)\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

-Smith, Ron J. (2016), \u201cIsolation Through Humanitarianism: Subaltern Geopolitics of the Siege on Gaza\u201d, Antipode, (Online), 48 (3)\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

-Stein, Ewan (2011), \u201cThe “Camp David Consensus”: Ideas, Intellectuals, and the Division of Labor in Egypt’s Foreign Policy toward Israel\u201d, The International Studies Association, (Online), 55 (3)\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

-Stein, Kenneth W. (1997), \u201cContinuity and change in Egyptian\u2010Israeli relations, 1973\u201397\u201d, Israel Affairs, (Online), 3:3 (4)\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

-Stephen P. Cohen and Edward E. Azar. From War to Peace: The Transition between Egypt and Israel.The Journal of Conflict Resolution.Vol. 25, No. 1 (Mar., 1981)<\/a>, pp. 87-114 (28 pages),Published By: Sage Publications, Inc.<\/span><\/p>\n

-Stockdale, Nancy (2008), The Encyclopaedia of the Arab-Israeli Conflict \u2013 A Political, Social, and Military History, I, pp 802-805, California, ABC- CLIO, Inc. (First Edition)\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

-Sultan, David (2007), Between Cairo and Jerusalem, Tel Aviv, Tel Aviv University\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

-Tamimi, Azzam (2009), Hamas: Unwritten Chapters, London, Hurst & Co. (Publishers) Ltd. -Tucker, Spencer C. and Priscilla Roberts (2008), The Encyclopaedia of the Arab-Israeli Conflict A Political, Social, and Military History, I, pp 364, 404-405, California, ABC- CLIO, Inc. (First Edition).<\/span><\/p>\n

-United Nations Country Team (2012), \u201cGaza in 2020 \u2013 A liveable place?\u201d (Online), checked 15.10.2020. Available at: https:\/\/www.un.org\/unispal\/document\/auto-insert-195081\/\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

-United Nations Country Team (2017), \u201cGaza Ten Years Later\u201d (Online), checked 15.10.2020. Available at: https:\/\/www.un.org\/unispal\/document\/gaza-ten-years-later-un-country-team-in-the-occupiedpalestinian-territory-report\/<\/a>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

-Wagemakers, Joas (2010), \u201cLegitimizing Pragmatism: Hamas’ Framing Efforts From Militancy to Moderation and Back?\u201d, Terrorism and Political Violence, (Online), 22 (3)\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

-Watanabe, Lisa (2014), \u201cEgypt One Year after Morsi\u2019s Ouster\u201d, CSS Analysis, (online), 158<\/span><\/p>\n

-Winter, Yves (2015), \u201cThe Siege of Gaza: Spatial Violence, Humanitarian Strategies, and the Biopolitics of Punishment Winter\u201d, John Wiley & Sons Ltd, (Online), 23 (2)\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

-Zafrir Rinat, \u201cIsraeli Scientists Join Colleagues From Sudan, Saudi Arabia to Save Red Sea Corals,\u201d Haaretz, (June 6, 2019);<\/span><\/p>\n

-Zecchinelli, Cecilia (2015), \u201cEgypt and the Middle East. A \u2018New\u2019 Regional Protagonist?\u201d, in Stefano M. Torelli (ISPI), Milano, Edizioni Epok\u00e9 (1st Edition)<\/span><\/p>\n

-\u201cAfter Years of Breeding Anti-Israel Hatred, Egypt\u2019s Education System is Overhauled Under Sisi,\u201d Sputnik, (April 1, 2020).<\/span><\/p>\n

-\u201cMFA transfers ancient sarcophagi covers to ambassador of Egypt,\u201d Ministry of Foreign Affairs, (May 22, 2016);<\/span><\/p>\n

-\u201cNetanyahu and Egyptian FM watch Euro final together,\u201d Times of Israel (July 11, 2016);<\/span><\/p>\n

-Israel National News (October 20, 2014);\u201cIsrael embassy in Egypt reopens after 4 year closure,\u201d PressTV, (September 9, 2015);<\/span><\/p>\n

\n

\n

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\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u062f\u06a9\u062a\u0631 \u06af\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0632 \u0633\u0639\u06cc\u062f\u06cc \u0639\u0636\u0648 \u0647\u06cc\u0626\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0646\u0634\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0635\u0644\u062d-ipsc \u0686\u06cc\u06a9\u062f\u0647 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0632 \u0633\u0627\u0644 1948 \u0643\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0631\u0698\u06cc\u0645 \u062a\u0627\u0633\u06cc\u0633 \u0634\u062f\u060c \u062e\u0635\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u0648\u062f \u061b \u0645\u0635\u0631\u06cc \u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0634\u062f\u0646 \u062f\u0631 \u0686\u0646\u062f \u062c\u0646\u06af \u0628\u0627 \u0635\u0647\u06cc\u0648\u0646\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u0647\u0627 \u0647\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0646\u062f \u0643\u0647 \u0645\u0647\u0645 \u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0622\u0646 \u062c\u0646\u06af \u0633\u0627\u0644 1967\u0645\u06cc\u0644\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u0628\u0648\u062f. \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u06a9\u0647 \u0634\u0628\u0647 \u062c\u0632\u06cc\u0631\u0647 \u0633\u06cc\u0646\u0627 \u0631\u0627 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[21,22,993,9,11,901,3],"tags":[2573,4532,364,151,2023,57],"class_list":["post-14122","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-21","category-22","category-993","category-9","category-11","category-901","category-articles","tag-2573","tag-4532","tag-364","tag-151","tag-2023","tag-57"],"yoast_head":"\n\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0633\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u0644 \u0648 \u0645\u0635\u0631\u00a0 - 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