{"id":13666,"date":"2022-03-09T09:00:54","date_gmt":"2022-03-09T09:00:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/peace-ipsc.org\/fa\/?p=13666"},"modified":"2022-03-09T09:00:54","modified_gmt":"2022-03-09T09:00:54","slug":"%d9%88%d8%b6%d8%b9%db%8c%d8%aa-%da%af%d8%b0%d8%b4%d8%aa%d9%87-%d9%88-%d9%81%d8%b9%d9%84%db%8c-%d9%85%d9%84%db%8c-%da%af%d8%b1%d8%a7%db%8c%db%8c-%d8%af%d8%b1-%d8%a2%d9%85%d8%b1%db%8c%da%a9%d8%a7","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/peace-ipsc.org\/fa\/%d9%88%d8%b6%d8%b9%db%8c%d8%aa-%da%af%d8%b0%d8%b4%d8%aa%d9%87-%d9%88-%d9%81%d8%b9%d9%84%db%8c-%d9%85%d9%84%db%8c-%da%af%d8%b1%d8%a7%db%8c%db%8c-%d8%af%d8%b1-%d8%a2%d9%85%d8%b1%db%8c%da%a9%d8%a7\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0648\u0636\u0639\u06cc\u062a \u06af\u0630\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0648 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u0645\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0622\u0645\u0631\u06cc\u06a9\u0627"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u06af\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0632 \u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f\u064a<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0646\u0634\u06af\u0627\u0647 <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

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\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

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\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

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\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

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\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

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\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

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 <\/p>\n

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\n<\/span>\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0628\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u06af\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u0627\u0645\u0646\u06cc\u062a \u0645\u0644\u06cc \u0639\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0648 \u0645\u0647\u0645 \u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0631\u0632\u0634 \u0645\u0644\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0647\u0631 \u0634\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0637\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u062d\u0641\u0638 \u0634\u0648\u062f. \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0622\u0645\u0631\u06cc\u06a9\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a \u0648 \u0628\u0648\u06cc\u0698\u0647 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u06cc \u0627\u0634 \u0631\u0627 \u062d\u0641\u0638 \u06a9\u0646\u062f. \u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a \u0645\u0644\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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\n<\/span>\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0628\u0631\u062f”\u0646\u062e\u0633\u062a \u0622\u0645\u0631\u06cc\u06a9\u0627” \u0628\u0631 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0644 \u06af\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0646\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0648\u0644\u0648\u06cc\u062a \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u0644\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u062c\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0644\u06cc\u060c \u0627\u06cc\u0641\u0627\u06cc \u0646\u0642\u0634 \u0631\u0647\u0628\u0631\u06cc \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0648 \u06cc\u06a9 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0647\u060c \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0644\u0641 \u062f\u0631\u06af\u06cc\u0631 \u0634\u062f\u0646 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0645\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0644\u060c \u0637\u0631\u0641\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u063a\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0647 \u06af\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0648 \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a \u0628\u0627 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0634\u062f\u0646 \u0628\u0648\u06cc\u0698\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u06cc\u0627 \u06a9\u0627\u0647\u0634 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u06cc\u062c\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u062e\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u062a\u0639\u0647\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0633\u062a \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0639\u06cc\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0627 \u062a\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u062e\u06cc \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631 \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u062a\u06cc \u0646\u0648\u0639\u06cc \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0644 \u06af\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u06af\u0632\u06cc\u0646\u0634\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0631\u0627\u0647\u0628\u0631\u062f \u0622\u0645\u0631\u06cc\u06a9\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0634 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u0647\u0631 \u06a9\u0633\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f \u0642\u0637\u0639 \u06a9\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u0627\u0632 \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0639\u0647\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0644\u06cc \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u0634\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u062e\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u06cc\u0627 \u0647\u0632\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0622\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0641\u062a \u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u062f. \u062f\u0648\u0644\u062a \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0645\u067e \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u0627\u0634 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062d\u0641\u0638 \u062c\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u062a\u0631 \u0622\u0645\u0631\u06cc\u06a9\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0644 \u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631 \u0646\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0648\u06cc\u0698\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0647\u0698\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u062f\u0647\u062f \u0648 \u0646\u0645\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u062f \u0647\u0632\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u062a\u0627\u0645\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0645\u0646\u06cc\u062a \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0644\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u067e\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0632\u062f. \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0631\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0645\u06cc \u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0642\u0631\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648 \u0647\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0644\u06cc \u0642\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0646\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u0648 \u0627\u0632 \u0647\u0631 \u067e\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0644\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u062f \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0648\u0632\u0647 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0648\u0644\u0648\u06cc\u062a \u0628\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0622\u0645\u0631\u06cc\u06a9\u0627\u0633\u062a \u0648 \u0644\u0630\u0627 \u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0633\u062a \u062d\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u062a \u06af\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0627\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f. \u0628\u0647 \u0642\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0645\u067e:” \u0622\u0645\u0631\u06cc\u06a9\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0628\u062e\u0631\u06cc\u062f \u0648 \u0622\u0645\u0631\u06cc\u06a9\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f”. \u0646\u0648 \u0627\u0646\u0632\u0648\u0627\u06af\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u062d\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u062a \u06af\u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a \u0628\u0627 \u067e\u06cc\u0648\u0646\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u062a\u0639\u0647\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u06cc\u060c \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0622\u0632\u0627\u062f \u0648 \u0641\u0631\u0622\u06cc\u0646\u062f \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0634\u062f\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f. \u0639\u0636\u0648\u06cc\u062a \u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0641\u062a\u0627\u060c \u0633\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u062a \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0646\u06a9 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u060c \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0633 \u067e\u0627\u0633\u06cc\u0641\u06cc\u06a9\u060c \u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0644\u06cc \u067e\u0648\u0644 \u0648 … \u0622\u0645\u0631\u06cc\u06a9\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0634\u0628\u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u06cc \u06af\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0647 \u0648 \u0622\u0632\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0622\u0646 \u06a9\u0634\u0648\u0631 \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0628\u0631\u062f \u0627\u062d\u06cc\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062c\u062f\u062f \u0622\u0645\u0631\u06cc\u06a9\u0627 \u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u062f\u0631 \u0631\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u06cc \u0647\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642 \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0646\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a \u0648 \u0627\u0645\u0646\u06cc\u062a \u0627\u06cc\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0632\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u0627 \u0631\u0648\u06cc\u06a9\u0631\u062f\u06cc \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u06af\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0646\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a \u062a\u0627 \u0627\u0645\u0646\u06cc\u062a \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0634 \u062a\u0627\u0645\u06cc\u0646 \u0634\u0648\u062f. \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0642\u06cc\u062f\u0647 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0645\u067e\u060c \u0627\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u06a9\u0627\u0647\u0634 \u0628\u0648\u062f\u062c\u0647 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u06cc \u060c \u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a \u0622\u0645\u0631\u06cc\u06a9\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u0636\u0639\u06cc\u0641 \u06a9\u0631\u062f \u0648 \u06a9\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631 \u062f\u0631 \u0642\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0622\u0646 \u06a9\u0634\u0648\u0631 \u0631\u0627 \u062c\u0633\u0648\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u067e\u064a\u0627\u0645\u062f\u0647\u0627\u064a \u0631\u0648\u064a\u06a9\u0631\u062f \u0645\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0622\u0645\u0631\u064a\u06a9\u0627 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0632 :<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

\u06f1-\u062a\u0642\u0648\u06cc\u062a \u0645\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0648 \u0645\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0627\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0637\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u06cc\u0631 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0632 \u062c\u0645\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0631\u0648\u067e\u0627.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u06f2-\u062a\u0642\u0648\u06cc\u062a \u06cc\u06a9 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0647 \u06af\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0627\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0637\u06cc \u0648 \u062a\u0647\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u0686\u0646\u062f\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0647 \u06af\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u06cc.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u06f3-\u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0628\u06cc \u0646\u0638\u0645\u06cc \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0644.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u06f4-\u062a\u0631\u0648\u06cc\u062c \u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0645\u0646\u06cc \u0648 \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0642\u0648\u0639 \u062f\u0631\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u06cc \u0648 \u062c\u0646\u06af \u062f\u0631 \u062f\u0646\u06cc\u0627.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0646\u062a\u06cc\u062c\u0647 \u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

\u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062e \u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0645\u067e\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0632\u0631\u06af\u06cc \u0628\u0648\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0646\u06a9\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u06a9 \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0645\u067e\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0647\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u067e\u0633 \u0627\u0632 \u062a\u062b\u0628\u06cc\u062a \u0648 \u0631\u0633\u06cc\u062f\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0647 \u0627\u0648\u062c \u0633\u06cc\u0631 \u0633\u0631\u0627\u0634\u06cc\u0628\u06cc \u0648 \u0627\u0641\u0648\u0644 \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u062a \u0645\u0634\u06a9\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648 \u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u06cc \u0637\u06cc \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u06cc\u062a \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0642\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0645\u067e\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0647\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0646\u0634\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0648 \u0633\u0627\u0633\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u0646\u061b \u0627\u0645\u067e\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0631\u0648\u0645 \u0648 \u0627\u0646\u06af\u0644\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0631\u0648\u067e\u0627 \u0648 \u062d\u062a\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062e \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0642\u0648\u0637 \u0634\u0648\u0631\u0648\u06cc \u0628\u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d \u062f\u06cc\u062f. \u0628\u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u06af\u0630\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0647 \u0627\u0645\u0631\u06cc\u06a9\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u06cc\u06a9 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0633\u06cc \u0645\u0631\u062f\u0645 \u0633\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u061b \u0648 \u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u062f\u0645 \u062f\u0631 \u067e\u0634\u062a \u06cc\u06a9 \u0631\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u06a9 \u0645\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f \u0628\u0648\u062f\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062e\u06cc \u0645\u0633\u062b\u062a\u062b\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0646\u062f. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062a\u0626\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0633\u06cc \u062a\u0627 \u06a9\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0622\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0648\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0645\u0631\u06cc\u06a9\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u062c\u0630\u0628 \u0641\u0631\u0647\u0646\u06af \u0648 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0633\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u062f \u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u0648\u0631\u0648\u062f \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0645\u067e \u0628\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u062e \u0633\u0641\u06cc\u062f\u060c \u0627\u06cc\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0646\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0622\u0646 \u06a9\u0644 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0644 \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u0627\u062b\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a. \u0631\u0648\u06cc\u06a9\u0631\u062f \u0645\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0622\u0645\u0631\u06cc\u06a9\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642 \u0646\u0648 \u0627\u0646\u0632\u0648\u0627\u06af\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0648 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u06af\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0645\u0637\u0631\u062d \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0627 \u062f\u0648 \u062f\u06a9\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0646\u062e\u0633\u062a \u0622\u0645\u0631\u06cc\u06a9\u0627 \u0648 \u0627\u062d\u06cc\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062c\u062f\u062f \u0622\u0645\u0631\u06cc\u06a9\u0627\u060c \u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0633\u062a \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u06cc \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0622\u0648\u0631\u062f.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0633\u062a \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0686\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0641\u0627\u06cc \u0646\u0642\u0634 \u0631\u0647\u0628\u0631\u06cc \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0644 \u0648 \u067e\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062e\u062a \u0647\u0632\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0622\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u062a\u0646\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0646\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f. \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u06cc\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0632 \u0628\u06cc\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f. \u0647\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u0645\u0642\u0631\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0644\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u06a9\u0645\u06cc\u062a \u0645\u0644\u06cc \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0646\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u06cc \u0622\u0645\u0631\u06cc\u06a9\u0627\u0633\u062a \u0648 \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0644\u0641 \u0631\u0648\u0646\u062f \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0634\u062f\u0646 \u0645\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0631\u0648\u06cc\u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u0622\u0645\u0631\u06cc\u06a9\u0627 \u0648 \u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0627\u0646\u0634 \u0647\u0645\u0686\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0631\u0648\u067e\u0627 \u0634\u06a9\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f. \u0627\u0631\u0648\u067e\u0627 \u0647\u0645 \u0646\u06af\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u0627\u0645\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0645\u0646\u06cc\u062a\u0634 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0622\u0645\u0631\u06cc\u06a9\u0627\u0633\u062a \u0648 \u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0647\u0632\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u0631\u06cc \u0645\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0634\u0648\u062f. \u0645\u0636\u0627\u0641 \u0628\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0627 \u0633\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u062a \u0627\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c \u0645\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0622\u0645\u0631\u06cc\u06a9\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0631\u0648\u067e\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0634\u06a9\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0627\u0634\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0631\u0634\u062f \u062f\u06cc\u062f\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/span><\/p>\n

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\n<\/span>\u0627\u0645\u067e\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0631\u0648\u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0648\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0635\u0644\u062d \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f \u0648 \u062d\u0627\u06a9\u0645\u06cc\u062a \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u0631\u0648\u06cc\u062c \u06a9\u0646\u062f. \u06af\u0630\u0634\u062a \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u0631\u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0686\u0627\u0644\u0634 \u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u0648\u0627\u06a9\u0646\u0634 \u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u062f \u06a9\u0631\u062f.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0639<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0622\u0634\u0648\u0631\u06cc\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u0648\u0634. <\/span>\u062f\u0627\u0646\u0634\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0633\u06cc<\/span><\/i>\u060c \u0686\u0627\u067e \u062f\u0648\u0627\u0632\u062f\u0647\u0645. \u062a\u0647\u0631\u0627\u0646: <\/span>\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062f<\/span>\u060c \u06f1\u06f3\u06f8\u06f4. <\/span>\u0634\u0627\u0628\u06a9<\/span><\/a> \u200e<\/span>\u06f9\u06f6\u06f4-\u06f6\u06f0\u06f2\u06f6-\u06f2\u06f2-\u06f2<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u062f\u0631\u0648\u060c\u062c.\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0633\u062a(\u06f1\u06f9\u06f8\u06f8)\u060c\u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0646\u0627\u0633\u06cc\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u0645 \u06a9\u0646\u0641\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u06cc\u0648\u0646: \u0627\u06cc\u062f\u0626\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0698\u06cc \u0648 \u0647\u0648\u06cc\u062a \u062f\u0631 \u062c\u0646\u06af \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u06cc \u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 . \u0628\u0627\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0631\u0648\u0698 \u060c \u0644\u0648\u0626\u06cc\u0632\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u0627: \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0627\u0646\u0634\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0627\u0644\u062a\u06cc \u0644\u0648\u0626\u06cc\u0632\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u0627.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0633\u0644\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0632\u0627\u062f\u0647\u060c \u0633\u0639\u06cc\u062f\u060c \u0639\u0644\u06cc \u0627\u0645\u06cc\u062f\u06cc \u0648 \u0633\u062d\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a\u06cc(1397)\u060c” \u0631\u0627\u0647\u0628\u0631\u062f \u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0633\u062a \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u06cc \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0645\u067e: \u0647\u06cc\u0628\u0631\u06cc\u062f \u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0632\u0648\u0627\u06af\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u06cc-\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u200c\u06af\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u06cc” \u060c \u0641\u0635\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0627\u0647\u0628\u0631\u062f\u06cc \u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0633\u062a\u06af\u0630\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u06cc\u060c \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u062f\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0647 20.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06a9\u0646\u0627\u0646 (13 \u062f\u0633\u0627\u0645\u0628\u0631 2016) “\u0686\u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0622\u0645\u0631\u06cc\u06a9\u0627 \u062f\u0631 2016 \u0634\u0628\u06cc\u0647 \u0622\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u0644 1933 \u0627\u0633\u062a” . \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06a9\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u0627\u062f\u06cc\u0648 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u06cc \u0628\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0646<\/span><\/p>\n

\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0645\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0646 (20 \u062f\u0633\u0627\u0645\u0628\u0631 2005). “\u0636\u062f \u0622\u0645\u0631\u06cc\u06a9\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u06af\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0647: \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u0634\u062e\u06cc\u0635 \u062f\u0647\u06cc\u062f” . (\u0633\u067e\u062a\u0627\u0645\u0628\u0631 2016) “\u0631\u06cc\u0634\u0647 \u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u0645\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u062a \u0645\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0622\u0645\u0631\u06cc\u06a9\u0627” \u060c \u0647\u0648\u06cc\u062a \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0644\u06cc \u0646\u0633\u062e\u0647 18 n.3 \u0635. 289<\/span>\u2013<\/span>312.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u06a9\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0631 \u060c \u0644\u0648\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0633. (2011) \u0645\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0631\u0648\u067e\u0627 \u0648 \u0622\u0645\u0631\u06cc\u06a9\u0627: \u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0633\u062a \u0647\u0627 \u060c \u0641\u0631\u0647\u0646\u06af \u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u0647\u0648\u06cc\u062a \u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0632 \u0633\u0627\u0644 1775. \u0686\u0627\u067e\u0644 \u0647\u06cc\u0644 \u060c \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0646\u0627\u06cc \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644\u06cc: \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0627\u0646\u0634\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0646\u0627\u06cc \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644\u06cc <\/span>. ISBN9780807872000<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u06af\u0644\u06cc\u060c \u0686\u0627\u0631\u0644\u0632 \u062f\u0628\u0644\u06cc\u0648 \u0648 \u0627\u0648\u062c\u06cc\u0646 \u0622\u0631.\u0648\u06cc\u062a\u06a9\u0641(1382)\u060c \u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0633\u062a \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u06cc \u0622\u0645\u0631\u06cc\u06a9\u0627-\u0627\u0644\u06af\u0648 \u0648 \u0631\u0648\u0646\u062f\u060c \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0635\u063a\u0631 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0686\u06cc\u060c \u062a\u0647\u0631\u0627\u0646:\u062f\u0641\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0633\u06cc \u0648 \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0644\u06cc \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0645\u0648\u0631 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u0647.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0633\u0646\u060c\u0645\u0644\u06cc\u0646\u062f\u0627(\u06f2\u06f0\u06f0\u06f2)\u060c\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u0622\u0645\u0631\u06cc\u06a9\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u062c\u0646\u06af \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u06cc \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644. \u0644\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0633 \u060c \u06a9\u0627\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0633: \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0627\u0646\u0634\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0633.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0644\u06cc \u060c \u06a9\u06cc\u0648\u0646\u06af \u0648 \u0645\u0631\u0644\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0648\u0648\u0631 (2004) “\u0622\u0645\u0631\u06cc\u06a9\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0628\u0648\u062f\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u0686\u0647 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0633\u062a\u061f \u0645\u06cc\u0647\u0646 \u067e\u0631\u0633\u062a\u06cc \u060c \u0645\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0648 \u0647\u0648\u06cc\u062a \u0622\u0645\u0631\u06cc\u06a9\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u067e\u0633 \u0627\u0632 11 \u0633\u067e\u062a\u0627\u0645\u0628\u0631.” \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0634\u0646\u0627\u0633\u06cc \u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0633\u06cc<\/span> . v.25 n.5 pp. 727\u201339<\/span>.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0645\u0627\u06af\u0648\u0626\u06cc\u0631.\u06cc.\u0633\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0646(\u06f2\u06f0\u06f1\u06f6)\u060c\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0648 \u062c\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0648\u0644 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u0644\u062a \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u06cc \u0633\u0627\u0632\u0646\u062f: \u0645\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u0646\u0627\u0633\u06cc\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u0645 \u0622\u0645\u0631\u06cc\u06a9\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0648\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0632\u062f\u0647\u0645. “\u0647\u0648\u06cc\u062a \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0644\u06cc \u0646\u0633\u062e\u0647 18\u060c\u0635\u0635 \u06f1\u06f7\u06f9- \u06f9\u06f8.\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u06f2.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0645\u062a\u06cc\u0644\u060c\u062c\u06cc.\u0622\u0644\u06a9\u0633\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0631(\u06f2\u06f0\u06f0\u06f1)\u060c\u062f\u0627\u0646\u0634\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0645\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u060c \u062c\u0644\u062f \u062f\u0648\u0645. \u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0627\u0646\u0634\u06af\u0627\u0647\u06cc.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0686\u0631 \u060c \u062f\u06cc\u0648\u06cc\u062f (1997) \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0628 \u0647\u0645\u06cc\u0634\u06af\u06cc: \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a \u0646\u0627\u0633\u06cc\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u0645 \u0622\u0645\u0631\u06cc\u06a9\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u060c 1776<\/span>\u2013<\/span>1820. \u0686\u0627\u067e\u0644 \u0647\u06cc\u0644 \u060c \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0646\u0627\u06cc \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644\u06cc: \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0627\u0646\u0634\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0646\u0627\u06cc \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644\u06cc.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u06cc\u0647\u0648\u0634\u0648\u0622\u060c\u0622\u0631\u06cc\u0644\u06cc(\u06f1\u06f9\u06f6\u06f4)\u060c\u0641\u0631\u062f\u06af\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0648 \u0645\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u062f\u0626\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0698\u06cc \u0622\u0645\u0631\u06cc\u06a9\u0627\u06cc\u06cc. \u06a9\u0645\u0628\u0631\u06cc\u062c \u060c \u0645\u0627\u0633\u0627\u0686\u0648\u0633\u062a: \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0627\u0646\u0634\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f.<\/span><\/p>\n

Birkin\u060c Carol (2017) A Sovereign People: The Crisis of the 1790s and Birth of American Nationalism. Basic Books\u060c ISBN978-0-465-06088-7 .<\/span><\/p>\n

Canovan, Margaret<\/span><\/a> (1996).<\/span> Nationhood and Political Theory. Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar<\/span>. <\/span><\/i>ISBN<\/span><\/a>\u00a0<\/span><\/i>1-85278-852-6<\/span><\/a>.<\/span><\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

From America US Foreign Policy and the Formation of National Identity, 1793 – 1815. Cambridge.<\/span><\/p>\n

Gellner, Ernest<\/span><\/a> (2005). <\/span>Nations and Nationalism<\/span><\/a> (2nd ed.). Blackwell. <\/span>ISBN<\/span><\/a>\u00a0<\/span>1-4051-3442-9<\/span><\/a>.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Linkoln,Mickel,A. (2016) Paradox Promotion Democracy. Washington\u060c DC: Brookings Institute. ISBN9780815727026.<\/span><\/p>\n

Quigley\u060c Paul (2012) Shifting Grounds: Nationalism and the South America\u060c 1848 -1865.ISBN9780199735488.<\/span><\/p>\n

Smith, Anthony<\/span><\/a>. Nationalism: Theory, Ideology, History. <\/span>Polity<\/span><\/a>, 2010. pp. 9, 25\u201330; <\/span>James, Paul<\/span><\/a> (1996). <\/span><\/i>Nation Formation: Towards a Theory of Abstract Community<\/span><\/a>. <\/span><\/i>London: Sage Publications.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Trautsch \u060c Jasper M. (2018) The Genesis, From America US Foreign Policy and the Formation of National Identity, 1793 – 1815. Cambridge.<\/span><\/p>\n

Zelinsky\u060c Wilbur (1988) Nation into State: The Shivting Symbolic Fundations of Nationalism America. Wikipedia\u00a0 site:fa.isecosmetic.com.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0639<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0622\u0634\u0648\u0631\u06cc\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u0648\u0634. \u062f\u0627\u0646\u0634\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0633\u06cc<\/em>\u060c \u0686\u0627\u067e \u062f\u0648\u0627\u0632\u062f\u0647\u0645. \u062a\u0647\u0631\u0627\u0646: \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062f\u060c \u06f1\u06f3\u06f8\u06f4. \u0634\u0627\u0628\u06a9 \u200e\u06f9\u06f6\u06f4-\u06f6\u06f0\u06f2\u06f6-\u06f2\u06f2-\u06f2<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

\u062f\u0631\u0648\u060c\u062c.\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0633\u062a(\u06f1\u06f9\u06f8\u06f8)\u060c\u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0646\u0627\u0633\u06cc\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u0645 \u06a9\u0646\u0641\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u06cc\u0648\u0646: \u0627\u06cc\u062f\u0626\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0698\u06cc \u0648 \u0647\u0648\u06cc\u062a \u062f\u0631 \u062c\u0646\u06af \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u06cc \u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 . \u0628\u0627\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0631\u0648\u0698 \u060c \u0644\u0648\u0626\u06cc\u0632\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u0627: \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0627\u0646\u0634\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0627\u0644\u062a\u06cc \u0644\u0648\u0626\u06cc\u0632\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u0627.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0633\u0644\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0632\u0627\u062f\u0647\u060c \u0633\u0639\u06cc\u062f\u060c \u0639\u0644\u06cc \u0627\u0645\u06cc\u062f\u06cc \u0648 \u0633\u062d\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a\u06cc(1397)\u060c” \u0631\u0627\u0647\u0628\u0631\u062f \u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0633\u062a \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u06cc \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0645\u067e: \u0647\u06cc\u0628\u0631\u06cc\u062f \u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0632\u0648\u0627\u06af\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u06cc-\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u200c\u06af\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u06cc” \u060c \u0641\u0635\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0627\u0647\u0628\u0631\u062f\u06cc \u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0633\u062a\u06af\u0630\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u06cc\u060c \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u062f\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0647 20.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06a9\u0646\u0627\u0646 (13 \u062f\u0633\u0627\u0645\u0628\u0631 2016) “\u0686\u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0622\u0645\u0631\u06cc\u06a9\u0627 \u062f\u0631 2016 \u0634\u0628\u06cc\u0647 \u0622\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u0644 1933 \u0627\u0633\u062a” . \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06a9\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u0627\u062f\u06cc\u0648 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u06cc \u0628\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0646<\/span><\/p>\n

\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0645\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0646 (20 \u062f\u0633\u0627\u0645\u0628\u0631 2005). “\u0636\u062f \u0622\u0645\u0631\u06cc\u06a9\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u06af\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0647: \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u0634\u062e\u06cc\u0635 \u062f\u0647\u06cc\u062f” . (\u0633\u067e\u062a\u0627\u0645\u0628\u0631 2016) “\u0631\u06cc\u0634\u0647 \u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u0645\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u062a \u0645\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0622\u0645\u0631\u06cc\u06a9\u0627” \u060c \u0647\u0648\u06cc\u062a \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0644\u06cc \u0646\u0633\u062e\u0647 18 n.3 \u0635. 289\u2013312.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u06a9\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0631 \u060c \u0644\u0648\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0633. (2011) \u0645\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0631\u0648\u067e\u0627 \u0648 \u0622\u0645\u0631\u06cc\u06a9\u0627: \u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0633\u062a \u0647\u0627 \u060c \u0641\u0631\u0647\u0646\u06af \u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u0647\u0648\u06cc\u062a \u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0632 \u0633\u0627\u0644 1775. \u0686\u0627\u067e\u0644 \u0647\u06cc\u0644 \u060c \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0646\u0627\u06cc \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644\u06cc: \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0627\u0646\u0634\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0646\u0627\u06cc \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644\u06cc . ISBN9780807872000<\/span><\/p>\n

\u06af\u0644\u06cc\u060c \u0686\u0627\u0631\u0644\u0632 \u062f\u0628\u0644\u06cc\u0648 \u0648 \u0627\u0648\u062c\u06cc\u0646 \u0622\u0631.\u0648\u06cc\u062a\u06a9\u0641(1382)\u060c \u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0633\u062a \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u06cc \u0622\u0645\u0631\u06cc\u06a9\u0627-\u0627\u0644\u06af\u0648 \u0648 \u0631\u0648\u0646\u062f\u060c \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0635\u063a\u0631 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0686\u06cc\u060c \u062a\u0647\u0631\u0627\u0646:\u062f\u0641\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0633\u06cc \u0648 \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0644\u06cc \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0645\u0648\u0631 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u0647.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0633\u0646\u060c\u0645\u0644\u06cc\u0646\u062f\u0627(\u06f2\u06f0\u06f0\u06f2)\u060c\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u0622\u0645\u0631\u06cc\u06a9\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u062c\u0646\u06af \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u06cc \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644. \u0644\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0633 \u060c \u06a9\u0627\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0633: \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0627\u0646\u0634\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0633.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0644\u06cc \u060c \u06a9\u06cc\u0648\u0646\u06af \u0648 \u0645\u0631\u0644\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0648\u0648\u0631 (2004) “\u0622\u0645\u0631\u06cc\u06a9\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0628\u0648\u062f\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u0686\u0647 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0633\u062a\u061f \u0645\u06cc\u0647\u0646 \u067e\u0631\u0633\u062a\u06cc \u060c \u0645\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0648 \u0647\u0648\u06cc\u062a \u0622\u0645\u0631\u06cc\u06a9\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u067e\u0633 \u0627\u0632 11 \u0633\u067e\u062a\u0627\u0645\u0628\u0631.” \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0634\u0646\u0627\u0633\u06cc \u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0633\u06cc . v.25 n.5 pp. 727\u201339.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0645\u0627\u06af\u0648\u0626\u06cc\u0631.\u06cc.\u0633\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0646(\u06f2\u06f0\u06f1\u06f6)\u060c\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0648 \u062c\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0648\u0644 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u0644\u062a \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u06cc \u0633\u0627\u0632\u0646\u062f: \u0645\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u0646\u0627\u0633\u06cc\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u0645 \u0622\u0645\u0631\u06cc\u06a9\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0648\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0632\u062f\u0647\u0645. “\u0647\u0648\u06cc\u062a \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0644\u06cc \u0646\u0633\u062e\u0647 18\u060c\u0635\u0635 \u06f1\u06f7\u06f9- \u06f9\u06f8.\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u06f2.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0645\u062a\u06cc\u0644\u060c\u062c\u06cc.\u0622\u0644\u06a9\u0633\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0631(\u06f2\u06f0\u06f0\u06f1)\u060c\u062f\u0627\u0646\u0634\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0645\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u060c \u062c\u0644\u062f \u062f\u0648\u0645. \u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0627\u0646\u0634\u06af\u0627\u0647\u06cc.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0686\u0631 \u060c \u062f\u06cc\u0648\u06cc\u062f (1997) \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0628 \u0647\u0645\u06cc\u0634\u06af\u06cc: \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a \u0646\u0627\u0633\u06cc\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u0645 \u0622\u0645\u0631\u06cc\u06a9\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u060c 1776\u20131820. \u0686\u0627\u067e\u0644 \u0647\u06cc\u0644 \u060c \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0646\u0627\u06cc \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644\u06cc: \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0627\u0646\u0634\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0646\u0627\u06cc \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644\u06cc.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u06cc\u0647\u0648\u0634\u0648\u0622\u060c\u0622\u0631\u06cc\u0644\u06cc(\u06f1\u06f9\u06f6\u06f4)\u060c\u0641\u0631\u062f\u06af\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0648 \u0645\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u062f\u0626\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0698\u06cc \u0622\u0645\u0631\u06cc\u06a9\u0627\u06cc\u06cc. \u06a9\u0645\u0628\u0631\u06cc\u062c \u060c \u0645\u0627\u0633\u0627\u0686\u0648\u0633\u062a: \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0627\u0646\u0634\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f.<\/span><\/p>\n

Birkin\u060c Carol (2017) A Sovereign People: The Crisis of the 1790s and Birth of American Nationalism. Basic Books\u060c ISBN978-0-465-06088-7 .<\/span><\/p>\n

Canovan, Margaret<\/a> (1996). Nationhood and Political Theory. Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar. <\/em>ISBN<\/a>\u00a0<\/em>1-85278-852-6<\/a>.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

From America US Foreign Policy and the Formation of National Identity, 1793 – 1815. Cambridge.<\/span><\/p>\n

Gellner, Ernest<\/a> (2005). Nations and Nationalism<\/a> (2nd ed.). Blackwell. ISBN<\/a>\u00a01-4051-3442-9<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Linkoln,Mickel,A. (2016) Paradox Promotion Democracy. Washington\u060c DC: Brookings Institute. ISBN9780815727026.<\/span><\/p>\n

Quigley\u060c Paul (2012) Shifting Grounds: Nationalism and the South America\u060c 1848 -1865.ISBN9780199735488.<\/span><\/p>\n

Smith, Anthony<\/a>. Nationalism: Theory, Ideology, History. Polity<\/a>, 2010. pp. 9, 25\u201330; James, Paul<\/a> (1996). <\/em>Nation Formation: Towards a Theory of Abstract Community<\/a>. <\/em>London: Sage Publications.<\/span><\/p>\n

Trautsch \u060c Jasper M. (2018) The Genesis, From America US Foreign Policy and the Formation of National Identity, 1793 – 1815. Cambridge.<\/span><\/p>\n

Zelinsky\u060c Wilbur (1988) Nation into State: The Shivting Symbolic Fundations of Nationalism America. Wikipedia\u00a0 site:fa.isecosmetic.com.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0698\u0647: \u0645\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u060c\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0633\u06cc\u060c \u0627\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0645\u06cc\u0647\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0647\u060c\u0646\u0627\u0633\u06cc\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u0645\u060c\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0645\u067e<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u06af\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0632 \u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0646\u0634\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062a \u0635\u0644\u062d-ipsc \u00a0 \u0686\u06a9\u06cc\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0648 \u0627\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0645\u06cc\u0647\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u062c\u0645\u0644\u0647 \u06af\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u0627\u0646\u06af\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u062f\u06cc\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0632 \u0628\u0627 \u0634\u062f\u062a \u0648 \u0636\u0639\u0641 \u06af\u0648\u0646\u0627\u06af\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0631 \u06a9\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0648 \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u062e\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0647\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0632\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u0632 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0647\u0645\u06cc \u0628\u0648\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0645\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0635\u0644\u06cc \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[16,11,3],"tags":[2573,4397,2698,4398],"class_list":["post-13666","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-16","category-11","category-articles","tag-2573","tag-4397","tag-2698","tag-4398"],"yoast_head":"\n\u0648\u0636\u0639\u06cc\u062a \u06af\u0630\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0648 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u0645\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0622\u0645\u0631\u06cc\u06a9\u0627 - IPSC - \u0645\u0631\u06a9\u0632 \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0644\u06cc \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0635\u0644\u062d<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/peace-ipsc.org\/fa\/\u0648\u0636\u0639\u06cc\u062a-\u06af\u0630\u0634\u062a\u0647-\u0648-\u0641\u0639\u0644\u06cc-\u0645\u0644\u06cc-\u06af\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u06cc-\u062f\u0631-\u0622\u0645\u0631\u06cc\u06a9\u0627\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fa_IR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\u0648\u0636\u0639\u06cc\u062a \u06af\u0630\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0648 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u0645\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0622\u0645\u0631\u06cc\u06a9\u0627 - IPSC - \u0645\u0631\u06a9\u0632 \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0644\u06cc \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0635\u0644\u062d\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u06af\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0632 \u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0646\u0634\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062a \u0635\u0644\u062d-ipsc \u00a0 \u0686\u06a9\u06cc\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0648 \u0627\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0645\u06cc\u0647\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u062c\u0645\u0644\u0647 \u06af\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u0627\u0646\u06af\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u062f\u06cc\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0632 \u0628\u0627 \u0634\u062f\u062a \u0648 \u0636\u0639\u0641 \u06af\u0648\u0646\u0627\u06af\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0631 \u06a9\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0648 \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u062e\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0647\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0632\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u0632 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0647\u0645\u06cc \u0628\u0648\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0645\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0635\u0644\u06cc \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc […]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/peace-ipsc.org\/fa\/\u0648\u0636\u0639\u06cc\u062a-\u06af\u0630\u0634\u062a\u0647-\u0648-\u0641\u0639\u0644\u06cc-\u0645\u0644\u06cc-\u06af\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u06cc-\u062f\u0631-\u0622\u0645\u0631\u06cc\u06a9\u0627\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"IPSC - 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